isolation and molecular characterization of bacteria to heavy metals isolated from soil samples in bokaro coal mines, india

in recent years, environmental pollution by coal mining is a long-established human activity affecting all levels of life with various environmental impacts by generating heavy metals. the presence of heavy metals even in trace amount is toxic and detrimental to all living organisms. the coal mine area in bokaro is one of the “toxic hotspot” in india. bacteria have evolved uptake and efflux mechanisms to adapt in heavy metals contaminated environments and thus represent a potential source for bioremediation processes. in the present study, we isolated and characterized eight heavy metal resistant bacteria (nk-1 to 8) from soil sample in bokaro coal mines, india. isolates were selected based on high level of heavy metal resistance and its biochemical characterization. the following bacteria were identified based on 16s rrna gene sequencing enterobacter ludwigii (km029957; nk-1), klebsiella pneumonia (km029958; nk-2), enterobacter ludwigii (km029959; nk-3), enterobacter ludwigii (km029960; nk-4), klebsiella oxytoca (km029961; nk-5), enterobacter cloacae (km029962; nk-6), acinetobacter gyllenbergii (km029963; nk-7), enterobacter cloacae (km029964; nk-8). a high degree of metal resistance associated with multiple antibiotic resistances was also detected in the selected isolate which was confirmed by the presence of plasmid. these isolates can further be used for bioremediation of heavy metals from contaminated site.